Statements and Media Releases

Charter Change, a priority legislation of the Marcos Jr. administration has been hotly debated in the Congress and the Senate in the last two years. To further understand the perceptions and opinions of female voters in Metro Manila about the issue, CWR conducted a survey in vote-rich communities in the region from June 15 to July 12, 2024.

The sample consisted of 897 female respondents aged 18 and above, representing the larger population of female voters in NCR. The data gathered also provided valuable insights for political campaigns and policy decisions leading up Marcos’ SONA in July 22 and upcoming 2025 elections in 2025.

Profile of Respondents

Age – Majority are between 35 and 44 years old and 45 and 54 years old, each having 20.4% representation. Those aged 25-34 years old come in second with 18.3%.

Civil Status – 47.3% are married, 18.5% are single, 16.6% are live-ins.

Work/Livelihood – 35.5% are self-employed or own-account workers, suggesting poor government efforts in providing jobs. This is alarmingly followed by 32.9% unemployed respondents. Only 7.2% are employed in formal establishments.

Monthly Household Income – Over 70% of the total respondents are minimum wage earners. Majority or 26.1% are low-income earners at P5,001 to P10,000 monthly, followed by 25.4% who earn less than P5,000 monthly, and 19.3% who earn P10,001 to P15,000 monthly.

Educational Level – 31.8% of the respondents are high school graduates. 23.4% reached high school and 12.9% at college level. Among the remaining respondents, 11% completed elementary, 9.4% reached elementary level and 6.1% completed college.

Survey Results

59.1% have heard of charter change

The remaining 363 respondents were not aware of the proposed charter change. This data contradicts the claims made by proponents of charter change that they have the support of the public, validating questions raised about the legitimacy of the People’s Initiative.

Only 14.5% of the respondents were able to give a brief description of charter change

Those who have heard but did not fully understand, and those who have little to no knowledge about charter change make up 44.4% of the sample when combined. This suggests that there is a need for more education and information dissemination to ensure that women are well-informed and able to participate in discussions and decision-making processes.

42.1% turn to conventional media as source of information

The number of respondents who rely on social media platforms for news comes in second at 6%, followed by information from neighbors or face-to-face interactions in their community at 4% and from local community groups or organizations with 1%.

49.7% do not know or cannot concretely explain how it might affect them and their families
Coming in second, 23% said that the constitutional change will only worsen their already poor economic conditions with the loss of jobs, lesser income, and higher prices of goods and utilities that it might entail. Only 3.6% said that charter change could potentially change their lives for the better.

Only 6.2% of the total respondents expressed agreement to charter change

A glaring 21.3% expressed that they do not agree with the proposed amendments in the Constitution, and 6.2% said they lack information to decide. Among those who responded that they agree, 26.0% said that Charter Change will bring about significant changes in people’s lives although they cannot articulate how charter change will bring about this. While 23.3% mentioned that Charter Change can bring about change in the system that will enable a strong economy. Out of the 303 respondents that articulated if they are in favor or not, 63% disagree, 18.5% agree, while 18.5% are undecided.

Those who oppose charter change believe that the government should instead prioritize issues that directly impact their lives.

These included addressing poverty and hunger (22.8%), job creation (20%), and controlling high prices of goods and services, including utilities (15.5%). Some (10.1%) expressed that support should be given to struggling sectors like healthcare, education, and housing. Additionally, the call for higher wages comes in as a top four concern (6.8%), reflecting the economic struggles faced by the majority of women.

Thematic Analysis / Findings

A. Awareness – The survey revealed overall that there seems to be a lack of clarity and understanding surrounding charter change among female voters in Metro Manila. Accessibility to information and education on the topic may be a contributing factor. Without a clear understanding of the implications, it may be difficult for individuals to form informed opinions and engage in meaningful dialogue on charter change. 

B. On economic impacts – As revealed, almost half of the women in Metro Manila do not have any idea or cannot explain the potential effects of charter change in their lives. Combined with the perceived lack of understanding on the matter, a significant portion (23%) believes that the proposed amendment to the constitution will only worsen the economic conditions that most of them already experience – majority (70.8%) live below the poverty threshold set by the government, with many of them either self-employed and own-account workers (35.5%) who rely on “diskarte” due to scarce economic opportunities available or unemployed (32.9%).

C. On political impacts – Among the top reasons as to why women in Metro Manila disagree with charter change is because they believe that only the rich and those in power will benefit from such a move. 25.2% expressed concerns regarding impacts to democratic processes, political issues and governance. Some mentioned concerns on power abuse, against term extension, and lack of confidence in the current system of governance.   

D. Priority – Rather than prioritizing charter change, the women of Metro Manila urged the government to focus on practical solutions that will have a direct and positive impact on the lives of the Filipino people like addressing poverty, joblessness and high prices. They also believe that charter change will only benefit the rich and those in power.

The Center for Women’s Resources (CWR) expresses its fervent opposition to Quezon City Executive Judge Cecilyn Burgos-Villavert’s application for promotion as Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals (CA), Associate Justice of the Sandiganbayan, and Ombudsman Special Prosecutor. Villavert’s history of issuing questionable search and arrest warrants against activists and women human rights defenders undermines justice and threatens civil liberties.

With the help of state forces, under the direction of former president Rodrigo Duterte, Villavert’s dubious warrants led to illegal arrests and detention of 76 activists from 2018 to 2020, according to human rights group Karapatan. Among the most controversial cases for which Villavert is accountable are the “Human Rights 7”, where activists were slapped with trumped-up charges, and the “Bloody Sunday” operation that killed nine activists in Calabarzon.

Villavert also issued the warrant that led to the arrest of Reina Mae Nasino, who was pregnant at the time, in 2019. Nasino gave birth to her daughter, Baby River, at the Manila City Jail during the pandemic. Shortly after filing an urgent motion for furlough, Baby River died.

Journalist Lady Ann Salem was also arrested through one of Villavert’s warrants. Like in Nasino’s case, courts also voided the warrants issued and cleared her of her charges.

Women’s rights activist Cora Agovida was among those whose homes were raided by the police in 2019 through a Villavert-issued search warrant. The Manila court later acquitted Agovida of the trumped-up charges filed against them by state forces.

Given Villavert’s track record of transgressions and incompetence, there is no question that if she were given higher positions in the judiciary, she would undoubtedly use this power and authority to further sow terror and injustice in a country where there is already rampant corruption and blatant disregard for human rights.

CWR calls upon the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) to heed the appeals of human rights defenders, peace advocates, and their families by rejecting Villavert’s application for promotion and initiating thorough investigations into judges who routinely issue unjustified warrants. CWR implores all Filipinos to stand united and vigilant against all measures and actions that aim to suppress people’s resistance by violating human rights and civil liberties. #

The Center for Women’s Resources (CWR) condemns the negligent response of the Marcos administration to the devastating impacts of El Niño, particularly on peasant women. The administration’s failure to address the needs of peasant communities underscores a pattern of disregard for the welfare of those most vulnerable to environmental and economic crises.

The impact of El Niño on the agricultural sector in the Philippines has been devastating, with over 41 provinces experiencing severe consequences, including the loss of farmlands and crops. As of March 2024, the damage to agriculture amounts to P1 billion, with a significant loss in rice production alone. Around 247,610 farmers and fisher folk are also at risk of bankruptcy and loss of livelihood.

Despite these alarming figures, President Marcos Jr.’s response has been dismissive and insensitive as he refused to declare a nationwide state of calamity. Even before the impacts of El Niño, the poverty incidence among farmers and fisher folk is already alarmingly high. In 2021, the poverty incidence among farmers was at 30% and 30.6% among fisher folk, the highest among sectors. According to the PSA, the agriculture and fisheries sector comprised 10.8 million in 2022, where 2.99 million are women.

The root of the crisis lies in the failure to prioritize the development of local agriculture to the detriment of the livelihood of Filipino farmers. For instance, neoliberal policy of privatization led to monopolization of water resources and distribution that left small-scale farmers at the mercy of private players such as Ayala’s Manila Water, Maynilad of Metro Pacific Investments, and Prime Water of Villar Group. Consequently, only 1.2% or 39,300 hectares of irrigation development target has been reached despite the increased budget allocation to the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) in the national budget.

Trade agreements and laws like the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA), World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture (WTO-AoA), Rice Liberalization Law, and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) have favored foreign interests over national development which hinders the growth of the agricultural sector. The push for the pro-foreign ownership “economic” Charter Change further threatens the agricultural sector.

As El Niño subsides and the threat of La Niña looms, the government’s inaction in providing adequate support and resources to mitigate the effects of extreme weather patterns is alarming. Without proper assistance and planning, farmers will continue to face significant challenges and losses due to unpredictable weather conditions and climate change. Coupled with a trend of silencing dissent through militarization and violence, it poses a grave threat to the safety and well-being of farmers, fisher folk, and land rights activists.

The Center for Women’s Resources stands firmly in solidarity with Filipino farmers amidst this ongoing crisis. We echo their demand for urgent government support and an end to neoliberal policies that exacerbate the plight of Filipino farmers. We urge all Filipinos to unite in demanding that the government prioritize the well-being of its citizens, to safeguard our rights to livelihood and democratic rights. #

Pioneer women’s research institution Center for Women’s Resources opens women’s month with biannual Ulat Lila report on the national situation of Filipino women, March 1, 2024.

“In Marcos Jr.’s second year, while still reeling from the impacts of the pandemic, women are faced with even deeper crises – from unemployment and loss of livelihoods, to declining incomes and rising prices of goods and services. Meanwhile, the profits of foreign and local businesses benefiting from the priority programs of the current administration in infrastructure and trade continue to grow.” – Cham Perez, CWR Executive Director.

In its report, CWR notes how the majority of women experience severe crises and remain part of the most impoverished sectors of society. Perez also mentioned how the worsening poverty faced by Filipino people, including women, is primarily attributed to the scarcity of job opportunities and livelihood with decent wages and adequate income.

Between November 2022 and November 2023, 17.3 million women or 55.4% of women aged 15 years and above were not counted in the labor force.

Meanwhile rural women continue to suffer hunger and sink deeper into debt. Five years into the implementation of the Rice Liberalization Law, rural women endure livelihood losses, hunger and grappling with escalating debt burdens. The absence of sufficient subsidies and assistance forces women farmers to turn to micro-lending institutions to cope with soaring farm input expenses. Particularly in Southern Mindanao, women confront mounting debt as farm input expenses soar and product prices plummet, resulting in minimal or no income from production.

The women’s group is also alarmed by the Marcos Jr administration’s push for Charter Change that will further open the country to foreign investment and possible increase in foreign military presence. “Historically, foreign investments did not automatically translate to jobs and livelihood with decent wages and incomes for Filipino women,” added Perez.

CWR’s report also highlighted that during severe crises, women and children endure heightened abuse and exploitation, especially those from impoverished backgrounds who are particularly vulnerable. According to PNP-CIRAS, there were 19,635 reported cases of violence against women and children (VAWC) from January to August 2023, averaging 92 victims per day during this period. The lack of state support, access to public services and state negligence further exacerbate this abuse.

“Moreover, cases of abuse committed by soldiers and police officers continue. These include the rape cases reported by residents in Negros Occidental, Davao City, and in Cebu. While often dismissed as isolated cases, this is a clear exercise of power and impunity. If law enforcers are perpetrators themselves, where else can victims report cases to? In addition, what is more alarming is the number of cases that were unreported due to fear and lack of access to resources and infrastructures to protect victims,” added Perez.

Amidst the crisis and the people’s resistance, the Marcos Jr. administration continues to intensify repression in both urban or rural areas, targeting members of organized unions, community associations, development workers and women human rights defenders.

“Only two years into the Marcos Jr.’s administration, there have been 23 women political detainees. From July 2022 to June 2023, there were already 8 women victims of political extrajudicial killings,” Perez notes.

The report argues that Marcos Jr. administration uses the same playbook used by predecessors and late dictator father. Laws and government institutions are used as instruments to suppress women and people’s movements. Red-tagging, harassment, surveillance, and various forms of attacks against anyone standing up for their democratic rights remain rampant.

“As long as the crisis persists and the dominant neoliberal system serves the interests of the few while the majority suffer, women will stand united with the toiling masses in their struggle for a just and equitable society. Their continuing assertion and resistance is the most potent and sustainable means to achieve structural transformation,” Perez concludes. #